Fig. 2

Conceptual model showing established bi-directional relationships between dietary patterns and adiposity, as well as adiposity and chronic musculoskeletal pain (blue lines). The extent to which dietary patterns (independent of weight status) are associated with CMP are not as well established and are the focus of the study, indicated by the dashed black line. Our analysis includes demographics and lifestyle behaviours that could induce confounding of associations, indicated with orange lines