Table 4 Change in Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) from baseline to week 25 by first- and second-stage interventions

All

0.319 ± 0.034

0.333 ± 0.043

0.016 ± 0.030

5.35

2.07, 8.55

–

First-stage interventions

 NC

0.324 ± 0.041

0.339 ± 0.042

0.018 ± 0.024

6.04 ± 7.81

–

–

 EC

0.314 ± 0.027

0.327 ± 0.044

0.014 ± 0.035

4.63 ± 11.08

–

–

Between-group difference

–

–

–

 − 1.41

 − 8.18, 5.36

 − 0.27

Response to first-stage interventions

 All responders

0.308 ± 0.026

0.344 ± 0.044

0.035 ± 0.032

11.52 ± 9.99

6.30, 17.29

–

 NC Responder

0.311 ± 0.031

0.336 ± 0.037

0.026 ± 0.028

8.59 ± 9.25

–

–

 EC Responder

0.306 ± 0.022

0.353 ± 0.054

0.047 ± 0.357

14.94 ± 10.53

–

–

Between-group difference

–

–

–

6.35

 − 5.71, 18.42

 − 0.17

Second-stage interventions

 All non-responders

0.323 ± 0.039

0.326 ± 0.041

0.003 ± 0.021

1.34 ± 6.57

4.57, 7.83

–

 WLC

0.320 ± 0.034

0.333 ± 0.029

0.010 ± 0.024

3.67 ± 7.61

–

–

 Metformin

0.325 ± 0.046

0.319 ± 0.051

 − 0.002 ± 0.014

 − 0.97 ± 4.61

–

–

Between-group difference

–

–

–

4.63

 − 1.27, 10.55

0.73