Proactive clinical review of patients taking opioid medicines long term for persistent pain led by clinical pharmacists in primary care teams (PROMPPT): a non-randomised mixed methods feasibility study

Table 3 Morphine equivalent conversion factors

	Conversion factor^a
Oral preparations (mg/day)
Codeine	0.1	100 mg
Dihydrocodeine	0.1	100 mg
Dextropropoxyphene	0.23^b	43.5 mg
Tramadol	0.1	100 mg
Tapentadol	0.4	25 mg
Oxycodone	1.5	6.6 mg
Pethidine (meperidine)	0.1^b	100 mg
Hydromorphone	5.0	2 mg
Sublingual preparations (mg/day)
Buprenorphine	40^c	0.25 mg
Transdermal patches (micrograms/hour)		Morphine equivalent (mg/day)
Buprenorphine (5)	2.4	12
Buprenorphine (10)	2.4	24
Buprenorphine (20)	2.4	48
Fentanyl (12)	2.5	30
Fentanyl (25)	2.4	60
Fentanyl (50)	2.4	120
Fentanyl (75)	2.4	180
Fentanyl (100)	2.4	240

^aConversion factors are approximations of equianalgesic doses, and there is some variation across different sources. The conversion factors used in this study are those accepted by the UK Faculty of Pain Medicine, Royal College of Anaesthetists (Opioid Aware (37)), except for dextropropoxyphene, pethidine, and sublingual buprenorphine, which are not included in the Opioid Aware list. The source of conversion factors for these drugs is below
^bCONSORT morphine equivalent conversion factors (36) (dextropropoxyphene, pethidine)
^cFaculty of Pain Medicine, Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) (38) (sublingual buprenorphine)

ISSN: 2055-5784